An interesting and approachable scientific paper.
The remote Pacific islands nation of Tonga (about 170 is- lands, with a population of 105 000), and surrounding countries, are suffering from the damage from one of the largest, most ex- plosive volcanic eruptions in at least several decades, at least since the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo in the Philippines. The data is still coming in from the Jan. 15, 2022 eruption. Initial reports show (remarkably) few casualties, but the islands are still (as of this writing) inaccessible because of thick volcanic ash cover- ings, loss of communication networks, and damage to the main airport. Initial reports are optimistic, but the observations and data are sparse. Tonga needs help, immediately. - Journal of Earth Science
Pollution from fossil fuels causes one in five premature deaths globally, suggesting the health impacts of burning coal, oil and natural gas may be far higher than previously thought, Parts of China, India, Europe and the northeastern United States are among the hardest-hit areas, suffering a disproportionately high share of 8.7 million annual deaths attributed to fossil fuels, the study published in the journal Environmental Research found. The new research gives the most detailed assessment of premature deaths due to fossil-fuel air pollution to date. Another study in 2017 had put the annual number of deaths from all outdoor airborne particulate matter — including dust and smoke from agricultural burns and wildfires — at 4.2 million. - Reuters
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